"illustration in Spanish that contrasts incorrect vs. correct construction practices on a hillside (or slope). It highlights the importance of proper site preparation and retaining structures when building on uneven terrain.
Let's break down the text and the visuals in each panel:
Top Panel - Incorrect Practice (Red "X")
"Grietas": Cracks. This points to the cracks appearing in the wall of the house, indicating structural problems.
"Vertiente del cerro": Hillside/Slope of the hill. This indicates the natural sloping terrain.
"Corte": Cut. This likely refers to a minimal cut made into the hillside, perhaps to flatten a small area.
"Roca": Rock. This points to exposed rock, suggesting the hillside terrain is rocky.
"Relleno": Fill. This is a crucial term. It indicates that the ground under the house is primarily made of fill material - soil or earth that has been brought in and deposited, not the original, stable hillside soil.
"(Escalonamiento del cerro)": (Stepping of the hill/Terracing the hill). This text within parentheses describes the process that should have been done correctly. However, in the top image, it implies a poorly executed or insufficient terracing attempt using "relleno" (fill) directly on the slope.
"Muro de contención 1m": Retaining wall of 1m. This points to a small, seemingly inadequate 1-meter retaining wall. It's likely too short or poorly designed to properly support the "relleno" and the house above.
"Límite de relleno": Fill limit. This line marks the boundary of the "relleno" (fill) area.
Analysis of Top Panel:
The top image depicts an incorrect approach. The house is built on "relleno" (fill) on a hillside, without adequate support or proper terracing. The small, 1-meter retaining wall is insufficient to hold back the fill material and prevent it from shifting or settling. The "Grietas" (cracks) in the house wall are a direct consequence of this instability, indicating structural stress due to the foundation settling or moving. The label "(Escalonamiento del cerro)" suggests an attempt at terracing, but it was poorly done, relying on unstable fill and an undersized retaining wall.
Bottom Panel - Correct Practice (Green Checkmark)
"Terraplenes": Embankments/Terraces. This is a key term indicating properly engineered terraces. "Terraplenes" implies well-constructed, stable platforms created by cutting into the hillside and using fill in a controlled and supported manner.
"Muro de contención 1m": Retaining wall of 1m. Here, the same 1-meter retaining wall is present, but in this context, it's part of a properly engineered system to support the "terraplenes".
"Límite de relleno": Fill limit. This line again marks the boundary of the "relleno", but in this case, the fill is used behind the retaining wall to create the level terrace, and the overall system is stable.
Analysis of Bottom Panel:
The bottom image depicts the correct and recommended approach. The hillside is properly terraced ("Terraplenes") to create a level platform for building. A retaining wall ("Muro de contención") is used to effectively hold back the soil and create a stable base for the house. The "Límite de relleno" suggests that the fill is controlled and contained by the retaining wall and terracing, ensuring stability. The green checkmark indicates this is the correct and safe construction method.
Overall Message and Contrast:
The image clearly contrasts two approaches to hillside construction:
Incorrect (Top): Building directly on unstable "relleno" (fill) on a slope, without adequate retaining structures, leads to structural problems and instability (indicated by cracks).
Correct (Bottom): Proper terracing ("Terraplenes") supported by a retaining wall ("Muro de contención") is essential for creating a stable and safe building foundation on a hillside.
The illustration emphasizes the critical importance of proper site preparation and the use of retaining walls and terracing techniques when building on sloping terrain to ensure structural integrity and prevent building failures. It's a visual lesson on the dangers of inadequate hillside construction and the benefits of sound engineering practices."
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